Applicable cables: USB2.0, USB3.0, USB3.1, USB4.0

USB 3.1 Cables
Overview
Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables are the standard external bus for connecting computers to external devices, facilitating communication between them. These cables come in various types, such as USB Type-A, Type-B, Micro-USB, and the new Type-C. The Type-C connector, with its reversible design and high data transfer rates, has become the go-to interface for smartphones, tablets, and other devices. USB 3.1/4.0, also known as "Super Speed USB," is a high-speed USB standard that can connect to a variety of external devices, including printers, keyboards, and mice. Compared to the earlier USB 1.0/1.1 and USB 2.0, USB 3.1 has improved greatly in terms of transfer speed and power consumption, making it one of today's advanced USB specifications.

Key Features
Transfer Speed
USB 3.1 boasts a maximum transfer speed of 10Gbps, which is double that of USB 3.0's 5Gbps, allowing for more efficient file backups, data copying, and media transfers. The actual effective bandwidth is approximately 7.2Gbps, with a theoretical transfer speed capable of reaching 900MB/s, effectively doubling the speed of USB 3.0.

Functional Expansion
USB 3.1 introduces several new functionalities, such as charger detection, audio transmission, and display output, enabling users to perform more operations through a single interface. Additionally, USB 3.1 employs good energy management techniques, enhancing energy efficiency and supporting longer power cable distances.

Interface Types
USB 3.1 utilizes the smaller Type-C interface, which offers reversible plug orientation, high-speed data transfer, and charging capabilities, making it the popular USB interfaces in current use.

Version Differences
USB 3.1 encompasses two distinct versions: USB 3.1 Gen1 and USB 3.1 Gen2. USB 3.1 Gen1 shares the same maximum transfer speed as USB 3.0, reaching 5Gbps, while USB 3.1 Gen2 can achieve a maximum transfer speed of 10Gbps. This means that USB 3.1 Gen2 can facilitate faster data transfer, enhancing user productivity.

Conclusion 
In summary, USB 3.1 represents a new generation of high-speed USB standards that have seen significant improvements in transfer speed, functional expansion, and interface types.

Applicable cables: HDMI, DP

HDMI Cables
Basic Concepts of HDMI Cables
HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is a fully digital audio-visual interface standard designed to transmit uncompressed high-definition video and multi-channel audio signals simultaneously. This interface significantly streamlines the process of connecting devices, making the transfer of high-definition content more convenient and efficient.

Key Features of HDMI Cables
- High-Definition Transmission: Capable of transferring uncompressed video and audio signals, ensuring the clarity of images and the authenticity of sound.
- Plug-and-Play: Supports hot-swapping, allowing connections without the need to restart devices.
- Multi-Channel Audio Support: Simultaneously transmits multiple audio channels, enhancing the audio.
- Digital Content Protection (HDCP): Safeguards copyrighted content from unauthorized copying and distribution.

Types of HDMI Cables
HDMI cables come in various types, each with specific applications and characteristics:
1. Standard HDMI Type A: 
Feature: The common type, featuring 19 pins, suitable for high-definition devices 
Applications: Laptops and LCD TVs.

2. HDMI Type B: 
Feature: Primarily used in professional settings, offering higher transmission rates and bandwidth.
Applications: Professional audio equipment and game consoles.

3. HDMI Type C (Mini HDMI):
Feature: Compact in size, ideal for portable devices.
Applications: Digital cameras, MP4 players, and smartphones.

4. HDMI Type D (Micro HDMI): 
Feature: Even smaller in size, fitting for the small mobile devices
Applications: Mini tablets and smartwatches.

5. HDMI Type E:
Feature: Specifically designed for in-vehicle entertainment systems, featuring a mechanical lock for reliable connections
Applications: Used in car audio systems and navigation devices.

Version Selection
HDMI cables of different versions support varying bandwidths and functionalities. It is recommended to opt for cables that support the new version standards to ensure good compatibility and performance.

Connector Quality
High-quality HDMI connectors often employ gold or silver plating, which can effectively reduce signal loss during transmission.

Cable Material
HDMI cables with pure copper cores ensure better signal transmission quality. Additionally, a cable with a moderate flexibility helps extend its service life.

Cable Length
Selecting the appropriate length of HDMI cables is crucial. Cables that are too long may cause signal degradation, while those that are too short may lack flexibility. It is advisable to allow for some extra length when considering the cable's length.

Usage Environment
Different environments, such as home theaters, offices, and vehicles, may have distinct wiring requirements and obstacles, which can also influence the choice of HDMI cables.

Applicable cables: electronic wire， high temperature wire

Electronic wires, often referred to as the lifelines of electronic devices, are essential for transmitting signals, supplying power, and connecting various components within electrical systems.

Definition and Applications of Electronic Wires
Known as ELECTRIC WIRE in English, these wires are predominantly used in low-voltage applications such as internal wiring of electronic and electrical devices. Given their widespread use in the electronics industry, electronic wires are categorized based on material into various types, including PVC, SRPVC, XLPE, FEP, and silicone wires.

Types of Electronic Wires
The variety of electronic wires is extensive, with common types being:
- RoHS-compliant PVC insulated wires: UL1007, UL1015, UL1028, UL1095, UL1569, UL1617, UL1618, etc.
- RoHS-compliant PVC flat cables: UL2468, UL2651, etc.
- RoHS-compliant irradiated PVC wires: UL1429, UL1571, UL1430, UL3443, UL3336, UL1685, etc.
- RoHS-compliant irradiated PE wires: UL3199, UL3495, UL3635, UL3652, UL3173, UL3265, UL3266, UL3271, UL3290, UL3295, UL3297, UL3415, UL3417, UL3289, UL3321, UL3398, UL3470, etc.
- Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH) environmental wires: UL1640, UL10368, UL3302, UL3384, UL3385, UL3386, etc.

Specifications of Electronic Wires
The specifications of electronic wires are diverse and are determined by the required conductor configuration (number of strands/mm), conductor diameter (mm), and thickness (mm). For instance, both UL1007 and UL10368 have detailed specification tables that list wire gauges and insulation thicknesses according to the American Wire Gauge (AWG) system.

Applications of Electronic Wires
Electronic wires are utilized in a variety of applications across different devices. For example, in video equipment, video cables transmit video signals; in audio equipment, audio cables carry audio signals; and in computer devices, data cables transfer data between the computer and peripherals. Additionally, electronic wires are used to provide power to products, such as computer power cords and mobile phone chargers. There are also various types of power cords, audio cables, and network cables.

Safety Certifications for Electronic Wires
Safety certifications for electronic wires are crucial, with common certifications including the UL certification from Underwriters Laboratories, a globally recognized mark of product safety. Products bearing the UL certification meet relevant standards in the United States and around the world, signifying that their safety, quality, and reliability are assured.

Conclusion
Electronic wires are indispensable in modern electronic devices, with a vast array of types and specifications suitable for a wide range of applications. Whether for signal transmission, power supply, or component connection, electronic wires play a critical role. Selecting the appropriate electronic wire is essential for ensuring the proper functioning of electronic devices.

Applicable cables: Power wiring, power cable, control cable

Construction BV Wire
Definition and Applications
BV wire is a type of PVC copper-core wire insulate. It is primarily used for conducting electricity and transmitting electrical energy within buildings, finding extensive application in power supply systems, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, and communication systems. The versatility of BV Wire is evident in the following areas:
1. Power Supply Systems:
BV Wire is crucial for the internal power supply systems of buildings, facilitating the transfer of electricity from the power source to various electrical devices. It connects power sources, switches, sockets, and lighting fixtures to ensure the supply and control of electrical energy.
2. Lighting Systems:
BV Wire plays a pivotal role in the lighting systems of buildings, transmitting electrical energy to light fixtures for their proper functioning. As one of the main consumers of electrical power within buildings, the role of BV Wire in lighting systems is indispensable.
3. Air Conditioning Systems:
BV Wire is also vital in the air conditioning systems of buildings. These systems consist of components such as compressors, air conditioning units, ducts, power control panels, and terminal devices, all of which rely on BV Wire to receive and operate with electrical energy.
4. Communication Systems:
Beyond power transmission, BV Wire can also be used for the transmission of communication signals. For instance, telephone and computer lines can be routed through electrical wiring.

Specifications and Applications
BV Wire comes in various specifications, each suited for different sectors such as residential, commercial, and industrial settings. Selecting the appropriate specification of BV Wire based on actual needs ensures the proper operation of electrical circuits.
1. Residential BV Wire:
Residential BV Wire typically uses specifications like 1.5 mm², 2.5 mm², and 4 mm². It is mainly used for home power supply and lighting systems, including sockets and light fixtures.
2. Commercial BV Wire:
Commercial BV Wire usually employs specifications such as 4 mm², 6 mm², and 10 mm². Due to the higher power demands in commercial buildings, larger wire cross-sectional areas are necessary.
3. Industrial BV Wire:
Industrial BV Wire generally uses specifications like 10 mm², 16 mm², and 25 mm². Due to the high power demands in industrial areas, larger wire cross-sectional areas are necessary to meet the requirements of heavy loads.
4. High-Voltage BV Wire:
High-voltage BV Wire is used for the transmission of high-voltage electrical energy and typically employs specifications such as 35 mm², 50 mm², and 70 mm². These wires are used to connect substations and major power supply networks.

Considerations for Selecting BV Wire
The selection of BV Wire should take into account several factors, including power supply capacity, load requirements, line length, and safety standards. Choosing the correct specification of electrical wiring is essential for ensuring the safety and stable operation of electrical circuits.

Common Models and Standards of BV Wire
There are various models of BV Wire, each suitable for different application scenarios and adhering to specific standards. Examples include 60227 IEC 01(BV), 60227 IEC 02(RV), and BVV. These models and standards ensure the reliability and safety of BV Wire under different environmental conditions and usage requirements.

Conclusion
BV Wire is an essential method of conducting and transmitting electrical energy within buildings. It plays a significant role in power supply systems, lighting systems, air conditioning systems, and communication. Different sizes of wires are mainly used in different areas such as domestic, commercial and industrial, etc. Choosing the right size of wiring according to the actual needs can ensure the normal operation of the circuit.

Applicable cables: power cord, control cable